Super black (Black Butterfly)

Small, dark, and fiercely territorial—the Black Butterfly rules high-pH waters.

The Black Butterfly is a striking, aggressive African cichlid for high-pH water. Reaching 6–7 cm, it's ideal for experienced aquarists seeking drama.

• Water Conditions: The Black Butterfly demands hard, alkaline water with a pH between 7.8 and 8.6. Keep the temperature stable at 24–28°C (75–82°F) and maintain a general hardness (gH) of 10–20 dH. These cichlids are sensitive to sudden fluctuations, so use a reliable heater and test kits for pH, hardness, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. A high-quality filter is essential to handle their bioload; aim for a turnover rate of at least 6–8 times the tank volume per hour. Because they thrive in high-pH water, avoid driftwood and other pH-lowering materials. Instead, use coral sand, crushed shells, or limestone rocks to buffer the water naturally. Regular water changes of 20–30% weekly will keep nitrates low and parameters stable. Consistent water quality is key to preventing stress and disease. Ensure good surface agitation for oxygenation, as these active fish consume a lot of oxygen. Never use RO water without re-mineralising it, as pure water lacks the buffering capacity these cichlids need.
• Tank Mates: Given their aggressive, territorial nature, Black Butterflies should be kept with other robust, similar-sized African cichlids. Avoid peaceful or slow-moving species that may be bullied or outcompeted. Ideal tank mates include small mbuna from Lake Malawi, such as Labidochromis caeruleus or Pseudotropheus species, or Tanganyikan cichlids like Neolamprologus and Julidochromis. Do not mix with community fish like tetras, guppies, or angelfish, as they will not tolerate the high pH or the aggression. If keeping multiple Black Butterflies, provide plenty of visual barriers and avoid overcrowding; a ratio of one male to several females can reduce aggression. A species-only tank is often the safest choice for beginners. Avoid bottom-dwellers like Corydoras that prefer softer, neutral water. Always quarantine new additions and observe introductions closely for the first week.
• Feeding Habits: Black Butterflies are omnivores with a leaning towards carnivory. Offer a varied diet of high-quality cichlid pellets (sinking or floating) as the staple, supplemented with frozen or live foods such as brine shrimp, bloodworms, daphnia, and Mysis shrimp. Spirulina-based flakes or pellets can be given once or twice a week to ensure plant matter. Feed small amounts two to three times daily, only what they can consume in 2–3 minutes, to prevent overfeeding and water quality issues. Avoid high-protein foods exclusively, as they can lead to bloat. Observe their feeding behavior; healthy individuals are eager and competitive, but if a fish stops eating, check water parameters immediately. Remove uneaten food after feeding to avoid fouling the water. During acclimation, offer small, frequent meals to encourage a feeding response.
• Care Requirements: These cichlids are intelligent and active, needing a tank of at least 90 cm (36 inches) in length for a small group, with a minimum volume of 120 litres (30 gallons). Aquascape with plenty of rocks, caves, and crevices to establish territories and reduce aggression. A sandy substrate is ideal for foraging, and avoid sharp gravel that could injure their mouths. Provide moderate to high water flow and excellent oxygenation. Black Butterflies are jumpers, so a tight-fitting lid is essential. Regular maintenance includes weekly water changes, filter cleaning (in tank water), and monthly checks of pH, hardness, and nitrate. Because they are aggressive, observe tank dynamics daily; if aggression becomes excessive, rearrange rocks or separate individuals. Acclimatise new fish carefully using the drip method to minimise stress. With proper care, they can live 5–8 years. Keep a journal of water parameters and behaviours to spot issues early.