The Redtail Catfish (Phractocephalus hemioliopterus) is a large and striking catfish species native to South America, particularly found in the Amazon and Orinoco River basins. It is a popular but challenging choice for advanced aquarium keepers due to its massive size and specific care requirements. Here are key features and considerations for the Redtail Catfish:

Redtail Catfish (Phractocephalus hemioliopterus):

1. Appearance:

   • The Redtail Catfish is named for its distinctive red or orange-colored tail fin.
   • Its body is typically gray or olive with a white belly, and it has long barbels around its mouth.

2. Size:

   • Redtail Catfish are known for their impressive size and can grow to lengths exceeding 3 feet (90 cm) in captivity.
   • They are among the largest catfish species kept in the aquarium hobby.

3. Behavior:

   • While generally peaceful, Redtail Catfish can become predatory as they grow larger, and they may attempt to consume smaller tankmates.
   • They are known for their curious and exploratory behavior.

4. Habitat:

   • In the wild, Redtail Catfish inhabit slow-moving rivers, flooded forests, and backwaters.

5. Tank Setup:

   • Due to their large size, Redtail Catfish require a spacious aquarium with ample swimming space.
   • Provide hiding spots with driftwood, rocks, and caves.
   • Use a powerful filtration system to maintain water quality.

6. Water Conditions:

   • Temperature: 75-82°F (24-28°C)
   • pH Level: 6.0-7.5
   • Water Hardness: 5-20 dGH

7. Diet:

   • Redtail Catfish are opportunistic carnivores and should be fed a varied diet.
   • Offer high-quality pellets, live or frozen fish, shrimp, and other meaty foods.

8. Compatibility:

   • Redtail Catfish are best kept in a species-specific tank or with large, robust tankmates.
   • Avoid keeping them with smaller fish that can be viewed as prey.

9. Tank Size:

   • Due to their growth potential, a very large tank or even a custom-built tank is required for adult Redtail Catfish.

10. Caution:

    • Keeping Redtail Catfish requires commitment due to their size and care demands.
    • They are not suitable for most home aquariums, and prospective keepers should consider the long-term implications of keeping such a large species.

Always research and understand the specific needs of any fish species before considering it for your aquarium. The Redtail Catfish, in particular, requires a high level of commitment and expertise due to its size and specific care requirements.