Neolamprologus cylindricus is a small to medium-sized shell and rock-dwelling cichlid known for its elongated, cylindrical body shape. Its coloration is generally beige to light brown with darker vertical bars, which helps it blend with rocks and sandy substrates. Males are slightly larger than females and may exhibit more intense markings during breeding.

Adult size typically reaches 8–10 cm. Its peaceful temperament compared to other Tanganyika cichlids makes it popular among hobbyists.