Stiphodon surrufus is a small, freshwater goby species from the family Gobiidae, well known for its attractive coloration and streamlined body shape. Males typically exhibit more vivid colors, often with reddish, orange, or bluish hues, while females are generally paler with subtle patterns. This sexual dimorphism becomes more apparent during the breeding season.

The species inhabits clear, fast-flowing rivers and streams, usually with rocky substrates in tropical regions. Like other members of the genus Stiphodon, it uses its fused pelvic fins to adhere to rocks, allowing it to live in strong currents. Stiphodon surrufus is amphidromous: its larvae develop in marine environments before returning to freshwater to mature.

Its diet mainly consists of algae and biofilm grazed from rock surfaces. Because it depends on clean, well-oxygenated water and uninterrupted river systems, Stiphodon surrufus is considered sensitive to habitat degradation and is often used as an indicator of good water quality in freshwater ecosystems.